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Fractional-Order Bioconvection in Trihybrid Nanofluids Flowing Over a Rotating Disk: A Hybrid Neural Network With Genetic Algorithm Method for Entropy Generation Minimization

<p>Fractional-Order Bioconvection in Trihybrid Nanofluids Flowing Over a Rotating Disk: A Hybrid Neural Network With Genetic Algorithm Method for Entropy Generation Minimization</p> : Minimizing entropy generation in complex fluid systems is a primary concern for improving thermodynamic efficiency. This paper investigates bioconvection in a Carreau-Yasuda trihybrid nanofluid over a spinning disk, where fluid memory is modeled using fractional-order derivatives. We provide an analytical energy-based stability framework for the proposed model. Given the high computational cost associated with solving fractional partial differential equations, we propose a Hybrid Neural Network surrogate model combined with a Genetic Algorithm. The Hybrid Neural Network, trained on data obtained via the Finite Difference Method, accurately predicts Nusselt numbers and entropy generation, while the Genetic Algorithm navigates the response surface to identify Pareto-optimal solutions. A deep cas...

Spectral Souls: Emotional Geometry

Spectral Souls: Emotional Geometry Spectral Souls: When Graphs Remember, Reflect, and Resonate (Emotional Geometry — The Final Chapter of Resonance) Prelude: A Structure That Feels What if a graph could remember your story? What if its symmetry quietly mirrored your contradictions—its rigidity echoing your resilience, its expansion embodying your empathy? What if mathematics were not just an instrument of logic—but a companion of emotion? This is the vision of Emotional Geometry—a place where Ramanujan graphs become more than combinatorial marvels. They become mirrors. They become memories. They become spectral souls. What Is Emotional Geometry? Emotional Geometry is the idea that mathematical structures, especially spectral graphs, can embody and reflect human experience. Their features become metaphors—and sometimes, more than metaphors. Spectral gaps become moments of clarity—spaces between confusion and insight. ...

Designing with Expansion: Ramanujan Graphs

Designing with Expansion: Ramanujan Graphs Designing with Expansion: Ramanujan Graphs as Spatial Blueprints Prelude: When Mathematics Shapes Space Imagine a building where every path feels purposeful—where no corridor is wasted, yet no space feels crowded. A layout that is efficient, elegant, and intuitively navigable. Now imagine that such a design was not born from architectural intuition—but from pure mathematics. At the heart of this possibility lies a remarkable mathematical structure: the Ramanujan graph. Originally studied in number theory and combinatorics, these graphs are now finding surprising relevance beyond computation—offering new possibilities for architectural design, spatial planning, and structural aesthetics. They are not just graphs. They are blueprints of balance—where sparsity meets symmetry, and expansion becomes experience. Why Ramanujan Graphs Inspire Spatial Design Good architecture, like good mathemati...

Spectral Shadows: Quantum Stability

Spectral Shadows: Quantum Stability Spectral Shadows: Ramanujan Graphs and the Architecture of Quantum Stability (Hindi: “क्वांटम स्थिरता की संरचना: Ramanujan ग्राफ़ की स्पेक्ट्रल छाया”) Prelude: A Graph That Doesn’t Collapse In quantum mechanics, stability is precious—and rare. Qubits entangle, only to decohere. Information disperses, then slips into noise. Superposition collapses under the slightest disturbance. Yet mathematics offers a surprising ally: Ramanujan graphs—combinatorial structures whose spectral properties make them ideal for maintaining quantum coherence. Where randomness becomes unreliable, structured expansion steps in. Ramanujan graphs, with their sparse yet highly connected architecture, may offer a scaffold for the next era of quantum technology—where computation is entangled, not fragile. Why Ramanujan Graphs Matter in Quantum Computing Quantum computation isn't just faster—it's fundamentally differ...

Ramanujan Graphs: Intelligent Connectivity

Ramanujan Graphs: Intelligent Connectivity From Synapses to Societies: Ramanujan Graphs as Models of Intelligent Connectivity “Structure is not just about connection—it’s about coherence.” “Whether in neurons or nations, the right graph can mean the difference between chaos and clarity.” Prelude: A Pattern That Thinks What if there existed a network so sparse it conserved every possible link—yet so connected it never felt fragmented? What if that same structure could model both a brain's synaptic map and a society's web of trust? Ramanujan graphs, long regarded as elegant artifacts of pure mathematics, are now entering new domains. From the architecture of thought to the infrastructure of connection, they are redefining how we model complex systems—neural, social, and intelligent. Ramanujan Graphs and the Architecture of the Brain Neural Efficiency, Mathematically Modeled Speed: Signals must traverse quickly ...

Spectral Secrets: Ramanujan Graphs and Cryptography

Spectral Secrets: Ramanujan Graphs and Cryptography Spectral Secrets: Ramanujan Graphs and the Future of Cryptography “Mathematics is not just a language of understanding—it is a shield of protection.” Prelude: When Connectivity Becomes Concealment Imagine a network so well-connected that every message traverses it rapidly—yet the paths remain practically invisible. Imagine a structure that is remarkably sparse, conserving resources—yet so robust that it resists both eavesdropping and sabotage. This is not just an abstract mathematical object. This is a cryptographic infrastructure. At the heart of such a network lies a class of graphs whose expansion properties verge on the theoretical optimum. These are Ramanujan graphs—mathematical marvels that may well shape the next era of encryption. Why Ramanujan Graphs Matter in Cryptography Ramanujan graphs are not just good expanders—they are the best possible expanders, up to spectr...

Spectral Rigidity: Ramanujan Graphs

Spectral Rigidity: Ramanujan Graphs Spectral Rigidity: When Graphs Refuse to Bend “What if harmony in spectrum means immovability in space?” Prelude: Geometry in the Shadows of Spectrum Picture a wireframe sculpture—delicate yet stubborn. Each vertex a joint, each edge a rod. You reach to twist it, pull it apart, fold it into a new form. But it holds. It doesn’t yield. Now, imagine that this rigidity is not visible in the shape—but encrypted in the eigenvalues of a matrix. Welcome to the world of spectral rigidity, where algebra speaks geometry, and structure refuses distortion not through physical strength, but through spectral purity. What Is Spectral Rigidity? At its heart, spectral rigidity is the phenomenon where a graph’s eigenvalue spectrum implies geometric inflexibility. It’s a concept at the intersection of spectral graph theory and rigidity theory, where the algebraic heartbeat of a graph determines its geometric sk...

Beyond Edges: Ramanujan Complexes

Beyond Edges: Ramanujan Complexes Beyond Edges: The Multidimensional Symphony of Ramanujan Complexes “Expansion isn't just outward—it's upward, inward, and layered.” From Graphs to Complexes: A Higher-Dimensional Leap In classical graph theory, structure is simple: vertices connected by edges. Lines and nodes. But the universe is not made of lines alone. What happens when edges give way to triangles, tetrahedra, and beyond? What if connectivity extended through faces, volumes, and hyper-volumes? This is where Ramanujan complexes emerge—not as mere generalizations of graphs, but as new dimensions of structure, symmetry, and expansion. The Core Idea: Laplacians in Higher Dimensions In a graph, we study the (0-dimensional) Laplacian, which captures how a function on vertices changes across edges. In higher dimensions, we define Laplacians acting on: 0-dimensional faces: vertices 1-dimensional faces: edges ...

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