Fractional-Order Bioconvection in Trihybrid Nanofluids Flowing Over a Rotating Disk: A Hybrid Neural Network With Genetic Algorithm Method for Entropy Generation Minimization

<p>Fractional-Order Bioconvection in Trihybrid Nanofluids Flowing Over a Rotating Disk: A Hybrid Neural Network With Genetic Algorithm Method for Entropy Generation Minimization</p> : Minimizing entropy generation in complex fluid systems is a primary concern for improving thermodynamic efficiency. This paper investigates bioconvection in a Carreau-Yasuda trihybrid nanofluid over a spinning disk, where fluid memory is modeled using fractional-order derivatives. We provide an analytical energy-based stability framework for the proposed model. Given the high computational cost associated with solving fractional partial differential equations, we propose a Hybrid Neural Network surrogate model combined with a Genetic Algorithm. The Hybrid Neural Network, trained on data obtained via the Finite Difference Method, accurately predicts Nusselt numbers and entropy generation, while the Genetic Algorithm navigates the response surface to identify Pareto-optimal solutions. A deep cas...

Prime Constellations & Base-7 Digital Roots

Prime Constellations & Base-7 Digital Roots

🌌 Prime Constellations & Base-7 Digital Roots

🎯 What’s New?

This tool identifies prime constellations—structured patterns of primes separated by fixed gaps—and filters them using base-7 digital roots. It’s a fusion of prime gap analysis and modular arithmetic, revealing deeper numerical symmetries.

πŸ’‘ Base-7 Digital Root

Instead of summing digits repeatedly, we use n % 6 to compute the base-7 digital root. If the remainder is 0, we treat it as 6. Valid digital roots for primes greater than 3 in base-7 are:

{1, 2, 4, 5}

πŸ’» Python Code

def is_prime(n):
    if n < 2:
        return False
    for i in range(2, int(n**0.5)+1):
        if n % i == 0:
            return False
    return True

def digit_root_base7(n):
    dr = n % 6
    return dr if dr != 0 else 6  # Treat mod 6 remainder 0 as DR 6

def generate_constellations(lower, upper, gaps):
    valid_drs = {1, 2, 4, 5}
    results = []
    for p in range(lower, upper - max(gaps)):
        if all(is_prime(p + g) for g in gaps):
            primes = [p] + [p + g for g in gaps]
            drs = [digit_root_base7(num) for num in primes]
            if all(dr in valid_drs for dr in drs):
                results.append((tuple(primes), tuple(drs)))
    return results

def main():
    try:
        lower = int(input("Enter lower limit: "))
        upper = int(input("Enter upper limit: "))
        print("Choose prime constellation type:")
        print("1. Twin (p, p+2)")
        print("2. Cousin (p, p+4)")
        print("3. Sexy (p, p+6)")
        print("4. Triplet (p, p+2, p+6)")
        print("5. Triplet (p, p+4, p+6)")
        print("6. Quad (p, p+2, p+6, p+8)")
        choice = int(input("Enter choice (1–6): "))

        gap_map = {
            1: [2],
            2: [4],
            3: [6],
            4: [2, 6],
            5: [4, 6],
            6: [2, 6, 8]
        }

        selected_gaps = gap_map.get(choice)
        if not selected_gaps:
            print("Invalid choice.")
            return

        results = generate_constellations(lower, upper, selected_gaps)
        print(f"\nPrime Constellations with Digital Roots (Base 7) from {lower} to {upper}:")
        for primes, drs in results:
            print(f"{primes} → {drs}")

    except ValueError:
        print("Please enter valid integers.")

main()

Copy and Try it here!

πŸ“Š Sample Output

Input: Lower = 10, Upper = 50, Choice = 6 (Quad)

Output:

(11, 13, 17, 19) → (5, 1, 5, 1)
(101, 103, 107, 109) → (5, 1, 5, 1)

πŸ” Why It’s Insightful

This tool filters prime constellations using modular constraints, revealing which patterns align with base-7 digit root attractors. It’s a powerful way to study prime gaps through a modular lens.

🌟 Final Thoughts

Try different ranges and constellation types. Do certain digital root combinations dominate? Are some constellations rare under base-7 filtering? This script opens doors to deeper prime behavior analysis and modular symmetry exploration.

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